In the aftermath of the NEET-UG 2026 paper leak controversy, the Central Government has informed the Supreme Court that the National Testing Agency (NTA) has comprehensively revamped its examination process by introducing a robust end-to-end security framework. The government said multi-layered safeguards have been put in place at every stage, from question paper preparation to result declaration, to protect the integrity of national entrance examinations. It also stated that a phased transition of NEET to a Computer-Based Test (CBT) is under serious consideration.
In an affidavit filed before a Bench of Justices P.S. Narasimha and Alok Aradhe, the Centre said the examination system had undergone a thorough review following the Supreme Court’s directions issued in May 2026. The objective, it said, was to institutionalise stronger safeguards and significantly reduce the possibility of paper leaks and other examination-related irregularities.
According to the affidavit, NEET continues to be conducted in pen-and-paper mode because of the examination’s massive scale and the need to ensure equal access for candidates across the country. However, the government is actively examining multiple options for introducing a computer-based format, including a two-stage model similar to the Joint Entrance Examination (JEE). It clarified that a final decision will be taken only after considering the recommendations of the High-Level Task Force, consulting stakeholders, and providing adequate advance notice to candidates.
The Centre also informed the Court that two major reform measures have already been implemented. The first is the enactment of the Public Examination (Prevention of Unfair Means) Amendment Act, 2026, which prescribes stricter penalties for offences such as paper leaks, candidate impersonation, tampering with computer networks, and other examination-related malpractices. The amendment also provides for fast-track courts to ensure speedy prosecution of offenders.
The second reform is the constitution of a High-Level Task Force to recommend comprehensive changes in the examination system. The committee is chaired by Infosys co-founder and former UIDAI Chairperson Nandan Nilekani and includes former ISRO Chairman S. Somanath, former Intelligence Bureau Director Tapan Deka, IIT Madras Director V. Kamakoti, former School Education Secretary Anita Karwal, and former Bihar Chief Secretary Amit Lal Meena. The panel has been tasked with reviewing the NTA’s examination framework and submitting its recommendations within three months.
The government further explained that a new security architecture has been developed to safeguard every stage of the examination process. Question papers are prepared by subject experts at highly secure locations where electronic devices are strictly prohibited, while the premises are guarded by the Central Armed Police Forces (CAPF). A question bank containing at least five times the required number of questions is created, and the final paper is selected through a process that ensures no single individual has access to the complete question paper.
According to the affidavit, the selected papers are translated into 13 languages using Artificial Intelligence (AI). Multiple sets of question papers are simultaneously printed, packed, transported, and securely stored so that any compromised set can be replaced immediately. Each packet carries a unique QR code and is stored in GPS-enabled steel trunks fitted with one-time locks. On the examination day, authorised officials select the final question paper set, which is transported to examination centres under the supervision of CAPF personnel, Executive Magistrates, and State Police.
The affidavit also states that candidates will undergo biometric verification, including fingerprint authentication, facial recognition, and identity verification before entering examination centres. Hand-held metal detectors will be used during frisking. After the examination, two separate copies of each candidate’s OMR response sheet will be prepared and sealed independently at the examination centre to eliminate any possibility of tampering.
The Supreme Court is currently hearing a batch of petitions seeking institutional reforms in the functioning of the NTA. The Court has previously emphasised that transparency, accountability, and a secure examination system are essential to restore public confidence and protect the interests of millions of students and their families.
