As Iran intensifies its crackdown on dissent and street protests, satellite-based internet service Starlink has once again moved to the centre of global attention. Despite sweeping internet shutdowns and communication restrictions imposed by the state, the service has continued to function as a critical channel for protesters, civil groups, and human rights organisations to share information. The recent tightening of controls has raised not only questions about freedom of expression but also serious concerns related to cyber security and cyber crime.
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According to reports, a large number of people were killed during protests in Iran over the past week. With strict controls placed on internet services, independently verifying events on the ground has become increasingly difficult. In this environment, videos, messages and other digital evidence transmitted through Starlink have played a decisive role in reaching international platforms. Human rights organisations say that much of the crucial material documenting alleged violence and repression has been shared via satellite internet, enabling global scrutiny of the situation.
The decision this week to make Starlink services free for users in Iran has further heightened sensitivities. What might have otherwise remained a technological or humanitarian issue has now evolved into a broader geopolitical and cyber security challenge. Experts say regional authorities are attempting to disrupt the service through satellite jamming and GPS spoofing techniques. These methods are widely regarded as forms of modern cyber attacks, aimed not only at blocking communication but also at destabilising networks and potentially identifying users.
Cyber security specialists warn that such interference can lead to sharp drops in internet speeds, repeated connection failures, and near-total disruption of services such as video calls. There are also concerns that these techniques could be used to track user locations, exposing individuals to a higher risk of cyber crime as well as coercive state action.
From a technical standpoint, Starlink differs significantly from traditional satellite systems. It is built on a vast network of thousands of low-Earth-orbit satellites moving rapidly above the planet. This architecture makes its signals difficult to fully track and disable. However, experts caution that state-sponsored cyber operations, sustained over time, can still place significant pressure on the network and test its stability and reliability.
Starlink is officially banned in Iran, with its use or distribution categorised as a cyber offence carrying severe penalties. Despite this, reports indicate that a substantial number of terminals have entered the country. The exact number of active terminals remains unclear. Civil networks and volunteer groups claim they are closely monitoring cyber attacks, signal interference and attempts at digital surveillance.
The developments are not being watched only at a regional level. Global security agencies and cyber policy experts are also closely following the situation. In modern conflicts, satellite internet is no longer merely a communication tool; it is increasingly viewed as a core element of cyber security strategy. Concerns over digital network control and misuse in war zones and authoritarian systems are growing internationally.
For investors as well, the moment is seen as significant. The resilience of satellite internet networks, their ability to withstand cyber attacks, and the strength of their data protection mechanisms are directly linked to their commercial prospects. The ongoing test in Iran is expected to demonstrate how effectively large-scale satellite services can cope with government restrictions, cyber crime and advanced technological assaults.
Overall, Iran’s current situation sends a clear signal: communication technology is no longer just a matter of convenience. It has become a decisive factor in cyber security, cyber crime, and political conflict. In the days ahead, this unfolding scenario will help determine how effectively space-based internet services can safeguard both global information freedom and digital security.
About the author – Ayesha Aayat is a law student and contributor covering cybercrime, online frauds, and digital safety concerns. Her writing aims to raise awareness about evolving cyber threats and legal responses.
