Scientists in Finland have demonstrated a controlled experimental method to transmit electrical energy through air without using physical wires. The breakthrough was achieved by combining ultrasonic sound waves, laser beams and radio-frequency technologies. Researchers, however, have cautioned that the system is currently limited to short distances and low-power applications, and is not designed to replace conventional electricity grids.
According to institutions involved in the research, electrical energy was converted into electromagnetic or light-based forms, transmitted through air in a guided manner, and then reconverted into usable electricity at the receiving end. The method falls under what scientists describe as “field-guided energy transfer”, where power is directed along a defined path rather than dispersing freely into the environment.
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How the technology works
In the experiment, ultrasonic waves were used to create subtle variations in air density, forming an invisible channel known as an “acoustic guide”. This channel allows very small electrical discharges or energy flows to move in a controlled manner through air. Alongside this, laser-based power transmission was employed, in which light energy is converted into electricity at the receiver.
Radio-frequency harvesting was also integrated into the system, enabling the collection of micro-watt levels of energy from ambient electromagnetic waves. Scientists involved in the study said the combined use of these three techniques improves precision and safety, but stressed that this is not unlimited or free-floating wireless electricity.
Institutions behind the research
The work was carried out through collaboration among Finland’s leading research and academic bodies, including VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, University of Helsinki and University of Oulu. Private technology partners also contributed expertise in power-by-light systems and radio-frequency energy harvesting.
Where the technology may be useful
Experts say wireless power transmission of this nature could be useful in specific scenarios, such as powering Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, devices installed in hazardous or inaccessible locations, medical implants, and limited-duration drone or robotic operations. In such cases, eliminating physical cables could reduce maintenance risks and improve operational safety.
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Researchers have emphasised that the technology is not ready to deliver electricity wirelessly to homes, cities or industrial facilities. Large-scale power transmission through air faces challenges including energy losses, safety thresholds and regulatory constraints. As a result, conventional wire-based grids remain the most efficient and economical means of delivering electricity at scale.
Why the experiment matters
Despite its limitations, scientists consider the demonstration an important step for future energy systems. It shows that contactless energy delivery is technically feasible and can be achieved safely with precise control. Experts note that, much like early wireless communication technologies, wireless power applications may expand gradually, particularly in niche and specialised fields.
Researchers said future work will focus on improving efficiency, extending transmission distance and power levels within safety limits, and testing the technology in real-world environments.
About the author – Rehan Khan is a law student and legal journalist with a keen interest in cybercrime, digital fraud, and emerging technology laws. He writes on the intersection of law, cybersecurity, and online safety, focusing on developments that impact individuals and institutions in India.
