Expressing serious concern over the rapidly rising Digital Arrest and online financial fraud cases across India, the Supreme Court on Monday issued a sweeping set of directions aimed at tightening cybercrime enforcement. The top court ordered the CBI to lead a nationwide probe into digital arrest scams, urging the Centre, States and their police forces to work in tight coordination against what it termed a threat to national security and citizen safety.
The Bench also issued notice to the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) asking why Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) tools have not yet been deployed extensively to auto-freeze fraudulent bank accounts used by cybercriminals.
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Interpol collaboration to hit offshore networks
The SC observed that a majority of digital arrest scams are being operated from offshore tax havens, with Indian cyber fraud networks having international linkages. It directed the Central Bureau of Investigation to take assistance from Interpol and pursue such transnational syndicates up to their last node.
Further, the court asked States including West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Telangana — which are not under the ruling party to grant expeditious consent for CBI investigations so that probes are not stalled due to jurisdictional hurdles.
Telecom companies under the scanner — strict KYC compliance mandatory
Targeting the telecommunications ecosystem, the apex court instructed the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) to ensure:
- No issuance of multiple SIM cards to a single user without due diligence
- Strict enforcement of KYC norms
- Real-time surveillance of suspicious mobile numbers used in cyber fraud
Police & States told: ‘Don’t hesitate—freeze accounts immediately’
The SC empowered police agencies across the country to freely freeze bank accounts involved in cyber fraud and digital arrest scams.
It further asked:
- States to establish regional and state-level Cyber Crime Coordination Centres
- Union Ministries — Home Affairs, Finance, and Telecom — to develop an integrated strategy
- Bank officials aiding fraudsters to be investigated and prosecuted
“Fraud cannot take place without someone in the system looking away,” the Bench remarked.Sharp rise in Mumbai: Elderly become prime targets
Government data shared in Parliament highlights a 21x rise in digital arrest scams between 2022 and 2024. Mumbai has emerged as a critical hotspot, particularly among senior citizens living alone.
Mumbai Police statistics | Jan–Oct 2025
- 142 cases registered
- Losses amounting to ₹114 crore
- Offenders impersonated CBI, ED and police officials
- Victims were intimidated into secrecy and forced to keep cameras switched on — simulating “custody”
Fraud Modus Operandi:
1. Caller impersonates an investigative agency
2. Claims the victim is under probe for a serious crime
3. Puts them under “digital detention” — threats, video monitoring
4. Forces fund transfers from the victim’s account
Cyber experts warn that criminals are using deepfakes, spoofed caller IDs and digital intimidation to manipulate vulnerable targets.
Tech-driven enforcement and victim support now a must
Stating that digital financial crime is now a national challenge, the Supreme Court laid emphasis on:
- AI-led monitoring of suspicious transactions
- Instant freezing of money trails
- Collaboration with global enforcement agencies
- Fast-response support desks for victims
The court stressed:
“No one aiding such cyber fraud — whether bank staff or middlemen — will be spared.”Conclusion
The Supreme Court’s intervention marks the strongest coordinated action yet against the digital arrest menace, signaling a technology-first, nationwide enforcement strategy.
Authorities believe the ruling will:
- Speed up disruption of cross-border scam networks
- Restore public confidence in digital banking
- Strengthen India’s cyber safety ecosystem
